在炎症性肠道疾病中发现适应疾病的细菌系
Adarsh Kumbhari1, Thomas N H Cheng1, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan2
1Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Cell host & microbe
|June 25, 2024
概括
特定的肠道细菌菌株与炎症性肠道疾病 (IBD) 有关. 这些古老,多样化的菌株在炎症期间壮成长,并可能适应疾病,影响肠道健康.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 肠道健康和疾病
- 基因组学与进化研究
背景情况:
- 炎症性肠病 (IBD) 与肠道细菌有关,但特定的致病菌株仍未确定.
- 了解微生物组在IBD中的作用对于开发向疗法至关重要.
- 大规模的基因组研究可以揭示特定疾病的微生物适应性.
研究的目的:
- 识别与炎症性肠病 (IBD) 相关的特定细菌菌株和基因.
- 在IBD的背景下研究肠道细菌的进化适应.
- 探索微生物菌株分析在预测疾病严重程度方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 来自数千名IBD患者和健康对照的便转基因组的分析.
- 重建14万种细菌菌株的基因型,以确定IBD丰富的血统.
- 疾病相关和健康菌株之间的遗传差异的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在IBD患者中,数百种细菌系被发现具有丰富性.
- 这些与IBD相关的菌株是古老的,多样化的,在人类中广泛存在.
- 与疾病相关的菌株在炎症期间表现出竞争优势,这表明适应.
- 菌株遗传变异与炎症途径相关,如氧化应激和免疫逃避.
- 失去特定的*Eggerthella lenta*菌株预测了便中的calprotectin水平,这是IBD严重程度的标志.
结论:
- 确定了特定的肠道细菌菌株和与炎症性肠道疾病相关的遗传因素.
- 证明某些细菌系长期适应IBD的炎症环境.
- 突出了微生物菌株分析的潜力,以了解和管理IBD和其他与微生物相关的疾病.
相关概念视频
01:27Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
161
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
161
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
213
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
213
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
331
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
331
01:17Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction
440
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
440
01:29Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
125
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Pharmacologic...
125
01:24Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF
130
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
130