评估帕德玛河流域对洪水风险的脆弱性,使用水态度模型和洪水易感性绘图
Mohammed Fahim Abrar1, Yasin Edmam Iman2, Mubashira Binte Mustak3
1Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Pahartoli, Raozan, 4349, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Environmental monitoring and assessment
|June 25, 2024
概括
这项研究整合了水态模拟和地理信息系统,绘制了帕德玛河流域的洪水风险图. 亚盆地A显示了由于高流和排水密度造成的洪水风险最高,为缓解策略提供了信息.
科学领域:
- 水文和水资源水文与水资源
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 是指地理信息系统.
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 对洪水脆弱性的评估对于识别高风险地区和制定有效的缓解策略至关重要.
- 河流盆地是复杂的系统,需要综合方法来进行准确的洪水风险分析.
- 帕德玛河流域面临严重的洪水风险,需要详细地图脆弱性.
研究的目的:
- 为帕德玛河流域开发一种综合方法,结合水体形态学建模和洪水易感性测绘.
- 分析研究区域内的洪水划分,洪水类别和资源洪水风险.
- 为了确定具有不同洪水易感性的特定子盆地.
主要方法:
- 利用地理信息系统 (GIS) 进行空间分析和洪水风险评估.
- 应用水形计建模,包括霍顿和斯特拉勒的方法,以确定流和排水密度.
- 采用分析层次过程 (AHP) 与对智比较矩阵 (PCM) 来创建使用多个因素 (海拔,TWI,斜率,降水,NDVI,距离道路,排水密度,距离河流,LU/LC,土壤类型) 的洪水脆弱性图.
主要成果:
- 由于流水和排水密度较高,亚流域A表现出最容易被洪水淹没的风险,而亚流域B和C的风险较小.
- 洪水区域划分表明,盆地的东北部与西南部相比,风险更高,归因于海拔和溪流秩序.
- 中度河流洪水是最危险的类别,影响了农田,定居点和植被覆盖的重要区域.
结论:
- 综合水态模型和洪水易感性地图为长期洪水风险管理提供了宝贵的见解.
- 这些发现可以通过为潜在受洪水影响的地区提供预警来加强危险减轻和规划.
- 这项研究支持为帕德玛河流域的洪水准备和应对做出明智的决策.
相关概念视频
01:17Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
43
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
43
01:29Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response
65
Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
65
01:21Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway
158
Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
158
01:30Typical Model Studies
354
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
354
01:12Modeling and Similitude
261
Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
261
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K