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Atomic Orbitals

Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.

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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research

Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research

Published on: May 1, 2014

使用球形和非球形纳米粒子生成高阶波.

Rashid A Ganeev^1,2,3, Aigars Atvars¹

¹Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Astronomy, University of Latvia, Raina Boulevard 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 26, 2024

概括

与球形纳米粒子相比,非球形纳米粒子显著降低了高阶波生成 (HHG) 的效率. 然而,纳米粒子等离子体始终显示出比原子或离子等离子体更高的HHG效率.

关键词:

高级波生成高级波生成非球形的纳米粒子.球形纳米粒子是什么

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科学领域:

激光诱导的等离子体
纳米粒子合成的方法
非线性光学是一种非线性光学.

背景情况:

高阶波生成 (HHG) 是非线性光学中的一个关键过程.
液体中的材料的激光切除用于生产纳米粒子 (NP).
NP的形态学可以影响血特性和随后的HHG.

研究的目的:

分析HHG在含有球形和非球形纳米粒子的激光诱导等离子体中的转化效率.
为了比较NP等离子体中的HHG效率与原子/离子等离子体.
调查NP形态对HHG的影响.

主要方法:

在水中激光切除金属以产生球形NP.
球形NP的老化合成非球形形态 (例如三角形,立方形,棒形).
在基板上干燥NP,随后进行激光切除,以产生用于HHG分析的等离子体.

主要成果:

非球形NP的高温气体效率至少是球形NP的五倍.
在老化过程中保持其形态的球形NP显示出类似的HHG效率.
NP等离子体表现出比相同元素的原子/离子等离子体更高的高温气体转化效率.
NP等离子体显示无特征的波分布,与具有共振增强的原子/离子等离子体不同.

结论:

纳米粒子形态学对HHG效率产生了重大影响,球形状更有利.
从纳米粒子生成的等离子体与原子/离子等离子体相比,提供更高的高温气体转化效率.
通过对NP的控制合成,可以调整HHG的特性.