影响意大利关于死者器官捐献的决策的认知和非认知因素:系统审查
Alessandra A Grossi1,2, Luca Cabrini3,4, Pietro Redaelli5
1Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Center for Clinical Ethics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy - aa.grossi@uninsubria.it.
Minerva anestesiologica
|June 26, 2024
概括
大多数意大利人支持器官捐献 (OD),但由于知识差距和不信任,许多人犹是否同意捐献给家庭成员. 解决这些认知和非认知障碍对于知情决策至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 移植科学 移植科学
背景情况:
- 器官捐献 (OD) 决策是复杂的,受到认知和非认知因素的影响.
- 了解意大利的这些因素对于有效的沟通和政策干预至关重要.
- 促进知情决策是一个重要的伦理和科学要求.
研究的目的:
- 确定影响意大利器官捐献决策的认知和非认知因素.
- 为有针对性的沟通策略和政策制定提供信息.
- 促进有关器官捐献的真正知情决策过程.
主要方法:
- 1999年1月1日至2024年1月31日期间发表的文献的系统审查.
- 使用关键词搜索了四个数据库:"器官捐献"",态度"",意见"",知识"",意识"",意图"",信仰"",规范"",感知"",意大利"",意大利语".
- 审查了包含的文章的参考部分,以便进行额外的相关研究.
主要成果:
- 在意大利,大多数普通公民和医疗保健专业人员都赞成器官捐献.
- 然而,很大一部分人,尤其是普通公民,不会为家庭成员授权OD.
- 常见的障碍包括缺乏知识,害怕肢解,对脑死亡标准的怀疑以及对医疗保健系统的不信任.
结论:
- 虽然意大利人口在很大程度上支持OD,但认知和非认知障碍仍然存在,甚至在医疗保健工作者中.
- 建议包括有针对性的沟通活动和鼓励家庭讨论OD.
- 改善医疗保健人员的教育和简化签署OD卡的流程可以提高知情同意率.
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