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人类新世纪缺失的遗产:量化生物圈的残留

Andrew J Margenot¹, Shengnan Zhou¹, Suwei Xu¹

¹University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Global change biology

|June 26, 2024

概括

在土壤中量化残留 (P) 对可持续农业和环境保护至关重要. 本综述综合了测量这种人为P池的方法,强调了更好的管理的挑战和补充方法.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
土壤科学土壤科学
生物地质化学生物地质化学

背景情况:

人类时代的特点是生物圈 (P) 循环的扭曲,陆地水系的输入和净积累加速.
农业实践,特别是使用P肥料,在土壤中产生了相当大的人为P池.
这种残留P的有效管理对于农业生产率和环境可持续性都至关重要.

研究的目的:

综合和评估各种方法来量化土壤中的残留 (P).
讨论不同P量化方法的优点,缺点和互补性.
突出了解剩余P分布和物种化对管理和政策的重要性.

主要方法:

关于残留P量化的现有文献的审查和综合.
分析常用的方法,包括质量平衡,长期实验,土壤测试P趋势和时间序列.
评估个别量化方法的时空约束和局限性.

主要成果:

量化残留P的个别方法受到限制,通常是互补的,在不同的尺度上适用性各不相同.
通过统一数据集,标准化数据收集和量化不确定性来解决量化方面的挑战.
剩余P的分布和物种化,虽然不太了解,但显著影响其利用和环境影响.

结论:

准确量化残留P是具有挑战性的,但对于可持续的P管理至关重要.
方法的组合和改进的数据标准化可以增强我们对剩余P池的理解.
了解剩余P的形式和命运对于为农业实践,环境政策和资源管理提供信息至关重要.

关键词:

肥料肥料是一种肥料.遗留的是一种传统的.质量平衡的质量平衡.的峰值是因为的峰值.是一种的物质.石酸盐是一种石酸盐.土壤测试 P 土壤测试 P

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相关概念视频

The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Bioremediation

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.