评估ChatGPT-4在与医生相比的差异诊断中识别最终诊断的准确性:诊断病例的实验研究
Takanobu Hirosawa1, Yukinori Harada1, Kazuya Mizuta1
1Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
JMIR formative research
|June 26, 2024
概括
像GPT-4这样的人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人在从差异诊断列表中识别最终的医疗诊断方面显示出公平的良好协议. 这种AI能力与医生相当,表明临床决策支持的潜力.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 人工智能聊天机器人的诊断能力,如GPT-4,正在调查中.
- 评估AI与差异诊断列表匹配最终诊断的能力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估GPT-4在从差异诊断清单中识别最终诊断的准确性.
- 在一系列病例报告中,比较GPT-4与人类医生的性能.
主要方法:
- 利用从病例报告中获得的差异诊断列表的数据库.
- 在没有额外的医疗培训的情况下,使用GPT-4,Google Bard和LLaMA2生成列表.
- 将AI评估与两个独立医生的评估进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 在GPT-4的评估中,在1176个差异诊断清单中的82.1%与医生达成一致.
- 取得了0.63的Cohen κ系数,表明公平到良好的协议.
- 人工智能性能与医生评估相当.
结论:
- 通过比较差异诊断来帮助临床决策,GPT-4显示出巨大的潜力.
- 人工智能的诊断反能力需要在现实世界的临床环境中进一步探索.
- 在不同的环境中进行验证是必要的,以确认GPT-4在医学诊断中的实用性.
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