追踪环境空气污染暴露的脆弱社区:一个地理人口和遥感方法
George Grekousis1, I Nyoman Sunarta2, Dimitris Stratoulias3
1School of Geography and Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, China.
Environmental research
|June 26, 2024
概括
卫星数据和机器学习可以在缺乏地面监测的社区中识别空气污染热点. 这种方法有助于找到弱势群体,即使在资源有限的地区,促进环境正义.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 地理空间分析是什么
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 基于地面的空气质量监测在全球范围内有限,这阻碍了对大量人口的污染暴露分析.
- 现有的研究往往缺乏地理人口学观点来识别脆弱社区及其位置.
- 在没有地面空气质量数据的地区追踪空气污染暴露存在重大差距.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种新的方法,用于在数据稀缺的地区追踪易受空气污染影响的社区.
- 整合卫星来源的空气质量数据与社会经济信息进行地质人口分析.
- 确定最容易受到空气污染影响的人群的个人资料和地理分布.
主要方法:
- 使用的Sentinel-5P卫星数据用于二氧化 (NO2),二氧化硫 (SO2),一氧化碳 (CO) 和甲 (HCHO) 的热层柱度.
- 综合卫星数据与人口普查和环境信息.
- 应用了局部模糊的地理加权集群用于空间细分和分析.
主要成果:
- 在印度尼西亚巴厘岛成功地追踪和划分了暴露于高空气污染的社区.
- 确定了特定的弱势群体,包括失业者,低学历者和儿童,集中在沿海旅游区.
- 证明这些弱势群体的污染物水平显著高.
结论:
- 拟议的基于卫星的方法是有效的,可重复的,并且具有成本效益,用于识别空气污染的脆弱性.
- 这种方法有助于决策者在针对脆弱子群的干预措施时,即使地面监测基础设施有限.
- 促进在资源有限的地区实现环境正义和可持续发展目标的进展.
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