在老年人中,不同年龄段的主观和残疾健康预期之间的差异
Antoine Gbessemehlan1, Emmanuelle Cambois2, Nicolas Brouard2
1University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France. antoine.gbessemehlan@u-bordeaux.fr.
Scientific reports
|June 26, 2024
概括
使用自我健康评估计算的健康预期与残疾指标相比,揭示了不同的衰老模式. 这些主观和功能指标为老年人的健康需求提供了互补的见解.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 老龄化的流行病学.
背景情况:
- 健康预期 (HE) 对于监测健康衰老至关重要,传统上依赖功能健康措施.
- 主观健康包括医疗,社会和文化方面,为老年人的健康状况提供了至关重要的视角.
- 现有的HE计算主要使用功能性健康指标,而不是主观健康指标.
研究的目的:
- 用自评健康 (SRH) 来估计老年人的HE,按年龄和性别分层.
- 为了比较来自SRH的HE与使用残疾指标计算的HE.
- 探索健康和不健康的预期寿命的性别和年龄特定差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自法国西南部 (N=4468) 三个预期人口群的65岁及以上成年人群的综合数据.
- 通过一个单一的自我评价健康问题和使用劳顿尺度的残疾来评估主观健康.
- 估计健康/不健康的预期寿命 (HLE/UHLE) 和残疾/无残疾的预期寿命 (DLE/DFLE) 使用交叉马尔科夫链 (IMaCh) 程序.
主要成果:
- 妇女的总体预期寿命比男性更长,在所有年龄段都有类似的HLE但更长的UHLE.
- 对于男女来说,HLE在总预期寿命中的比例随着年龄的增长而下降;对于女性来说,UHLE从73岁开始超过了HLE.
- 无残疾预期寿命 (DFLE) 随着年龄的增长呈现逆转模式,最初比不健康预期寿命 (UHLE) 短,但在晚年时更长,这种转变在女性中更早发生.
结论:
- 自我评估的健康和残疾指标显示出不同的衰老模式,突出显著的性别和年龄差异.
- SRH和残疾指标是不可互换的,提供关于老龄人口健康状况和需求的补充信息.
- 公共卫生战略应考虑主观和功能健康措施,以全面了解健康衰老.
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