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澳大利亚疫苗可预防疾病流行病学综述系列:乙型肝炎,2000-2019年

Nicole Sonneveld¹, Joanne Jackson¹, Aditi Dey^1,2

¹National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)

|June 26, 2024

概括

澳大利亚的乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划显著减少了新的感染和住院,特别是在年轻人和土著人口中. 持续监测对于进一步预防乙型肝炎的传播至关重要.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
流行病学流行病学
疫苗接种是为了免疫.

背景情况:

根据国家免疫计划 (NIP),1996年为青少年提供B型肝炎疫苗接种资金,2000年5月为婴儿提供普遍疫苗接种资金.
了解过去二十年来澳大利亚的乙型肝炎流行病学对于评估疫苗计划影响至关重要.

研究的目的:

描述2000年至2019年澳大利亚B型肝炎的流行病学.
评估国家免疫计划 (NIP) 对乙型肝炎率的影响.

主要方法:

对新获得的和未指定的乙型肝炎报告 (2000-2019年) 的分析.
检查急性乙型肝炎住院 (2001-2019) 和死亡 (2000-2019) 的情况.
根据年龄,性别和土著身份进行趋势分析,包括2000年5月之后出生的人群.

主要成果:

观察到新获得和未指定的乙型肝炎报告率的显著下降.
在青少年和年轻成年人中,新获得的乙型肝炎的显著减少.
在男性和土著和托雷斯海峡岛民中,乙型肝炎的发病率更高,尽管在这些群体中也出现了下降.

结论:

青少年和婴儿免疫计划导致乙型肝炎的显著减少.
需要进一步改善数据的完整性和加强监测,以优化疫苗接种影响和患者护理.
在2000年5月之后出生的人群中,没有发生乙型肝炎的死亡,这表明该计划取得了成功.

关键词:

严重的乙型肝炎是B型肝炎.慢性乙型肝炎慢性乙型肝炎疾病监测疾病监测流行病学流行病学乙型肝炎 B 型肝炎免疫接种免疫接种免疫接种疫苗可以预防的疾病.

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