发展性语言障碍儿童的认知与语言训练:探索它们对口头短期记忆和口头工作记忆的有效性
Theodora Bachourou1,2, Stavroula Stavrakaki2, Vasiliki Koukoulioti3
1Center of Interdisciplinary Assessment, Counseling and Support (KE.D.A.S.Y.), 271 00 Ileia, Greece.
Brain sciences
|June 27, 2024
概括
认知和语言训练改善了发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 儿童的口头短期记忆 (vSTM) 和口头工作记忆 (vWM). 干预的顺序显著影响了表现,强调了训练顺序的重要性.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语音和语言治疗治疗
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 影响语言学习和认知能力.
- 口语短期记忆 (vSTM) 和口语工作记忆 (vWM) 对语言发展至关重要.
- 了解有针对性的干预措施对DLD中这些认知能力的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对患有DLD的儿童进行认知 (vSTM/vWM) 和语言培训的有效性进行比较评估.
- 调查训练成绩在认知能力上的扩散.
- 检查干预命令对治疗结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 两个计算机化培训计划 (语言和认知) 已经为希腊语儿童开发了DLD (N=49).
- 三组 (A,B,C) 在两个阶段接受了不同的训练序列,C组作为对照.
- 评估包括三个时间点的vSTM (非单词重复,前进位数跨度) 和vWM (后退位数跨度) 任务.
主要成果:
- 认知和语言训练都导致了vSTM和vWM的显著性能改善.
- 观察到有益的远传效应,表明语言治疗对vSTM和vWM的影响.
- 干预顺序很重要:语言训练首先改进了vSTM (非单词重复),而认知训练首先改进了vWM.
结论:
- 干预的类型和顺序都显著影响了DLD儿童的认知表现.
- 有针对性的认知和语言干预可以产生积极的结果和转移效应.
- 应仔细考虑治疗干预的顺序,以获得DLD治疗中最佳的结果.
相关概念视频
Language and Cognition
340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Working Memory
155
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
155
Language Development
339
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
339
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
87
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
87
Learning Disabilities
93
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
93


