在第一师大学运动员中对营养和表现参数的评估
Marni E Shoemaker1, Nathan D Dicks2, Megan J Northrup1
1School of Health and Consumer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Nutrients
|June 27, 2024
概括
大学运动员显示能量和碳水化合物摄入不足,超过脂肪建议. 身体组成,特别是无脂肪质量,显著预测心肺呼吸能力 (V ̇O2max),强调需要营养指导.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 综合性运动员评估需要评估表现,身体组成和营养.
- 了解这些因素对于优化运动表现和健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估饮食摄入量,最大氧气摄入量 (V ̇O2max) 和NCAA第一师大学运动员的身体组成.
- 检查饮食习惯,心肺健康和身体组成之间的相互关系.
主要方法:
- 评估的饮食摄入量使用3天的食物回忆,与已建立的营养建议相比较.
- 在48名运动员中,通过生物电阻分析 (BIA) 确定了身体成分.
- 在35名运动员中使用分级运动测试 (GXT) 测量最大氧气摄入量 (V ̇O2max).
主要成果:
- 运动员消耗的能量,碳水化合物和关键微量营养素量低于推量,同时超过脂肪摄入量建议.
- 在分级运动测试 (GXT) 和验证比赛 (47.3 vs 47.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) 之间,平均V ̇O2max值是一致的.
- 百分比无脂肪质量 (%FFM) 是一个显著的预测因素,解释了36%的V ̇O2max.
结论:
- 美国国家橄球协会 (NCAA) 的第一师运动员表现出不理想的饮食模式,包括能量和碳水化合物摄入量不足以及过度的脂肪消耗.
- 观察到微量营养素缺乏,所有运动员的维生素D和含量低,女性运动员的铁和含量低.
- V ̇O2max 差异很大 (35.663.0 mL·kg−1·min−1),女性得分低于平均值,男性达到典型的体育特异值,强调需要量身定制的营养和训练指导.
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