在黑猩猩基因组中全面识别和描述HML-9组
Mingyue Chen1, Caiqin Yang2, Xiuli Zhai2,3
1National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
Viruses
|June 27, 2024
概括
这项研究描述了黑猩猩基因组中的HERV-K HML-9元素,揭示了它们的进化作用和与神经系统疾病的潜在联系. 这些发现增强了我们对灵长类动物进化和生物功能中的内源逆转录病毒的理解.
科学领域:
- 基因组学和进化生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 灵长类动物遗传学
背景情况:
- 内源逆转录病毒 (ERV),特别是人类内源逆转录病毒-K (HERV-K) HML-9,是古代病毒感染的遗留物,集成到宿主基因组中.
- ERVs显著影响宿主基因组的进化和功能,但它们在非人类灵长类动物 (如黑猩猩) 中的具体作用不太清楚.
- 以前对HERV-K HML-9的表征主要在于人类基因组,在比较灵长类动物基因组学中留下了一个空白.
研究的目的:
- 描述黑猩猩基因组中HERV-K HML-9的分布,遗传结构和进化史.
- 将黑猩猩中的HERV-K HML-9元素与人类基因组中发现的元素进行比较.
- 调查黑猩猩中HERV-K HML-9的潜在生物功能意义,特别是关于疾病关联.
主要方法:
- 对黑猩猩基因组的生物信息分析,以识别和表征HERV-K HML-9前病毒和单独LTR元素.
- 遗传学分析以确定已识别的元素的进化关系.
- 使用2-LTR方法估计整合时间,并预测保存的动机和 cis-regulatory 区域.
主要成果:
- 在黑猩猩基因组中确定了26个前病毒和38个单独的HML-9的LTR元素,显示了非随机的整合模式.
- HERV-K HML-9元素在14-3600万年前集成到黑猩猩基因组中,并在18-4900万年前集成到人类基因组中.
- 生物信息学预测揭示了与黑猩猩中ERV LTRs调节的神经和精神疾病相关的丰富途径.
结论:
- 该研究提供了黑猩猩HERV-K HML-9的全面基因组特征,突出了其进化影响.
- 对比分析揭示了人类和黑猩猩HML-9元素之间的保存特征和明显的整合时间表.
- 这些发现表明,ERV LTR调节基因在灵长类动物进化和疾病易感性方面发挥着重要的生物功能作用.
相关概念视频
02:51Multi-species Conserved Sequences
3.9K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
3.9K
02:31Synteny and Evolution
3.2K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.2K
02:38Heterochromatin
12.2K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
12.2K