在过去的二十年中,东北大西洋物种分布发生了变化
Emilie Le Luherne1, Lionel Pawlowski1, Marianne Robert1
1DECOD (Dynamique et durabilité Des écosystèmes: de la Source à l'océan), Institut Agro, IFREMER, INRAE, Lorient, France.
Global change biology
|June 27, 2024
概括
海洋物种的分布变化各不相同,有些物种更深地和东南移动,有些物种更浅地和西北移动. 气候变化和物种丰富性显著影响这些变化,以及对商业重要物种的捕捞压力.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 渔业 科学 渔业 科学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 由于全球变化,海洋物种的分布正在发生变化,通常预计将向极地和更深的水域移动.
- 当地的人为压力和特定物种的特征可以导致复杂和多样化的分布反应.
- 凯尔特人-比斯卡亚货架是生物地理省之间大量捕捞的地区,提供了一个独特的系统来研究这些变化.
研究的目的:
- 调查1997年至2020年在凯尔特-比斯卡伊架上93种海洋种群的分布变化.
- 为了确定分布转移的模式,并探索驱动因素,包括气候变化,渔业压力和物种丰富性.
- 了解海洋种群对人类造成的综合干扰的复杂反应.
主要方法:
- 从1997年到2020年,每年都会进行科学地底拖网调查.
- 用11个互补的空间索引量化了随时间变化的分类分布变化.
- 统计模型探讨了分类繁多,渔业压力和气候条件对分布转移的相对影响.
主要成果:
- 56%的被研究的种群表现出显著的分布变化.
- 两种主要模式出现了:分类物种移动更深和东南,或更浅和西北.
- 气候变化 (温度) 和分类物种丰富是关键驱动因素,渔业压力对商业重要物种也很重要.
结论:
- 海洋类人群表现出复杂的分布变化,并不总是符合预期的极向和更深的运动.
- 气候变化和物种丰富是主要因素,渔业压力起到作用,特别是对于有价值的物种.
- 区域研究对于理解生态系统对人为干扰的反应和为管理策略提供信息至关重要.
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