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支持中国饮用水的湖泊和水库的重要性和脆弱性
Yunlin Zhang1, Jianming Deng1, Boqiang Qin1
1State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Fundamental research
|June 27, 2024
概括
中国的集中饮用水来源主要依赖湖泊和水库 (40.6%),特别是在东部. 这项研究分析了水源类型,供应人口和水质,以确保中国人口的安全饮用水.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 水资源管理 水资源管理
背景情况:
- 污染的饮用水导致全球严重的死亡率,中国面临严重的水资源短缺和质量挑战.
- 确保安全饮用水是中国14亿人口的关键优先事项,需要了解其水源.
- 超过4000个集中饮用水源为城市居民提供服务,但有关来源类型,所供应的人口和质量的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 分析中国不同集中式饮用水源类型 (河流,湖泊/水库,地下水) 的贡献和重要性.
- 检查与这些来源类型相关的供应人口和水质.
- 提供数据驱动的见解,以优化饮用水源的建立和确保安全的供水.
主要方法:
- 收集了全国范围内关于集中饮用水源的数据,并在395个城市为人口提供服务.
- 获得了广东省和山东省的水质数据,这两个人口密集的地区.
- 分析了河流,湖泊/水库和地下水源利用的地理分布和区域差异.
主要成果:
- 在中国的集中饮用水源中,湖泊和水库占比最大 (40.6%),其次是河流 (30.8%) 和地下水 (28.6%).
- 湖泊和水库在中国东部尤为重要,为51.0%的人口 (31.8亿) 提供饮用水.
- 湖泊和水库对饮用水供应的贡献正在增加,这是由于水质优越和水转移项目.
结论:
- 湖泊和水库对于中国的集中饮用水供应至关重要,特别是在人口密的东部地区.
- 优化饮用水源的建立和管理,特别是湖泊和水库,对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 调查结果支持政府改善水源战略,确保安全饮用水和实现可持续发展目标的努力.
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