语言在超越核心知识中的作用
1Psychology, Harvard University, MA, Cambridge, USA scarey@wjh.harvard.edu.
The Behavioral and brain sciences
|June 27, 2024
概括
婴儿的核心知识主要是感知性的,而不是概念性的. 这一发现表明,语言学习可能有助于婴儿超越先天的知识系统.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
背景情况:
- "婴儿知道什么" (WBK) 这本书提出,核心知识在认知架构中占有独特的地位.
- 这种位置被描述为在感知和概念表示系统之间.
研究的目的:
- 分析核心知识在认知架构中的位置.
- 认为核心知识与认知相比,更多地与感知相一致.
- 探索对语言学习在超越核心知识中的作用的影响.
主要方法:
- 在"婴儿知道的东西"中提出的概念的理论分析.
- 关于感知-认知分歧的哲学论证.
- 检查核心知识与语言学习之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 根据WBK的定义,核心知识位于感知/认知谱的感知侧.
- 这种分类对理解认知发展有重大影响.
结论:
- 核心知识的感知性质表明先天的认知结构存在局限性.
- 语言学习可能是婴儿克服这些先天的感知偏见并发展更抽象的概念理解的关键机制.
更多相关视频
05:35Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
Published on: April 19, 2017
6.7K
03:14Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
Published on: December 6, 2024
543
相关概念视频
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
786
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
786
01:27Language and Cognition
340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
01:16Language
206
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
206
01:24Components of Language
263
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
263
01:22Language Development
339
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
339
01:17Cognitivism
1.4K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.4K