寒冷和温和条件对在中等海拔地区进行长期山地战争训练时的身体表现的影响
Rebecca Zifchock1, Amy Silder2, Robert Murphy1
1Department of Biomechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA.
Military medicine
|June 27, 2024
概括
军事山地训练减少了身体力量,无论季节如何. 跳跃和俯卧等爆炸性运动的表现下降,训练后恢复缓慢.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 军事科学 军事科学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
背景情况:
- 军事训练,特别是在山区,会影响战士的身体能力.
- 了解环境条件 (如温度,海拔) 对性能的影响对于军事准备至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究一项为期4周的军事山地训练对身体构成,上肢力量和下肢力量的影响.
- 为了确定季节性变化 (秋季与冬季) 是否会影响性能下降.
- 评估骨肌肉质量变化与体力表现之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 111名美国步兵海军陆战队参加了为期4周的山地训练演习.
- 身体表现 (反运动跳跃,弹道推杆) 和身体组成在基线,在高空训练 (~2100m) 和恢复后被评估.
- 研究了两个队列:秋季 (温度:20°C/3°C) 和冬季 (寒冷:7°C/-14°C).
主要成果:
- 扩展的军事训练导致反运动跳跃高度,峰值功率和弹道推进高度显著下降.
- 季节性条件 (秋季与冬季) 并没有显著影响身体组成或身体表现的变化.
- 没有观察到海拔高度对身体表现的急性影响;肌肉质量减少和跳跃功率下降之间存在微弱的相关性.
结论:
- 长期的军事训练会对爆炸性的物理力量产生负面影响,而这与环境条件无关.
- 战士的身体力量在训练期间下降,可能在事件发生后的一个月内无法完全恢复.
- 军事训练计划应预测性能下降,并考虑有针对性的恢复策略.
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