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相关概念视频

Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
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Vector Algebra: Graphical Method01:10

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Vectors can be multiplied by scalars, added to other vectors, or subtracted from other vectors. The vector sum of two (or more) vectors is called the resultant vector or, for short, the resultant.
We use the laws of geometry to construct resultant vectors, followed by trigonometry to find vector magnitudes and directions. For a geometric construction of the sum of two vectors in a plane, we follow the parallelogram rule. Suppose two vectors are at arbitrary positions. Translate either one of...
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Complex numbers, represented in Cartesian coordinates, can also be visualized as vectors. These vectors can be expressed in polar form, emphasizing their magnitude and angle. When a complex number is input into a function, the output is another complex number, highlighting the function's zero point from which the vector representation can originate.
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To define some physical quantities, there is a need to specify both magnitude as well as direction. For example, when the U.S. Coast Guard dispatches a ship or a helicopter for a rescue mission, the rescue team needs to know not only the distance to the distress signal, but also the direction from which the signal is coming, so that they can get to it as quickly as possible. Physical quantities specified completely with a number of units (magnitude) and a direction are called vector quantities.
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Cartesian vector notation is a valuable tool in mechanical engineering for representing vectors in three-dimensional space, performing vector operations such as determining the gradient, divergence, and curl, and expressing physical quantities such as the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. By using Cartesian vector notation, engineers can more easily analyze and solve problems in various areas of mechanical engineering, including dynamics, kinematics, and fluid mechanics. This...
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It is cumbersome to find the magnitudes of vectors using the parallelogram rule or using the graphical method to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. There are two ways to circumvent this algebraic complexity. One way is to draw the vectors to scale, as in navigation, and read approximate vector lengths and angles (directions) from the graphs. The other way is to use the method of components.
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Phylo2Vec:二进制树的向量表示.

Matthew J Penn1, Neil Scheidwasser2, Mark P Khurana2

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles', Oxford OX1 3LB, UK.

Systematic biology
|June 27, 2024
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

Phylo2Vec为二进制遗传树提供了一种新的整数向量编码,简化了操作和表示. 这种方法可以更快地采样树,压缩存储,并有效地穿越进化树空间进行机器学习推断.

关键词:
二进制树二进制树是指二进制树.优化的优化优化优化.人类遗传学是个学科.代表性 代表性的代表性

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科学领域:

  • 计算生物学 计算生物学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 遗传树对于理解进化史至关重要.
  • 推断树结构,特别是潜伏节点,是计算密集的.
  • 目前的方法使用启发式和特定的数据结构 (例如,Newick字符串) 来进行树操作和表示.

研究的目的:

  • 引入Phylo2Vec,这是对二进制遗传树的统一和节的编码.
  • 为了证明Phylo2Vec在简化树木操作,表示和分析方面的实用性.
  • 为了展示Phylo2Vec在基于机器学习的家族遗传推断中的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 开发了Phylo2Vec,将带有n个叶子的二进制树映射到长度为n-1的唯一整数向量.
  • 使用Phylo2Vec进行压缩树表示和拓验证.
  • 在树木空间穿越的山坡登优化方案中使用Phylo2Vec.
  • 将该方法应用于用于机器学习推断的5个现实世界数据集.

主要成果:

  • Phylo2Vec提供了一个快速和压缩的谱系树的表示.
  • 该编码允许快速和明确地对树进行拓比较.
  • Phylo2Vec促进了树空间的高效穿越,以实现优化.
  • 在机器学习推断中成功应用,从随机树转向最佳树.

结论:

  • Phylo2Vec在处理和表示家族遗传树木方面提供了显著的进步.
  • 编码统一了操纵和表示,克服了计算挑战.
  • Phylo2Vec显示出加速机器学习在遗传学中的应用的前景.