美国符合条件的肺癌查参与者与非参与者的风险和益处概况
Elizabeth Y Zhang1, Li C Cheung1, Hormuzd A Katki1
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|June 27, 2024
概括
肺癌查的吸收率很低,但符合条件的个人受益更多. 提高查率可以显著预防肺癌死亡,延长寿命.
科学领域:
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 预防性健康 预防性健康
背景情况:
- 美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 建议对高风险人群进行肺癌查,但目前的吸收率很低.
- 参与肺癌查的人的风险和益处概况尚不清楚.
- 美国目前的肺癌查实践的影响和潜在的机会损失尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 通过对符合条件的美国常吸烟者进行查,估计肺癌死亡风险和寿命.
- 为了比较查和未查个体之间的风险和益处概况.
- 量化当前查水平和理想吸收对肺癌死亡率和增加寿命年数的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用2022年行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 对美国50-79岁的曾经吸烟过的成年人的数据.
- 采用肺癌死亡风险评估工具和从查计算机断层扫描模型中获得的生命年数.
- 根据自我报告的查状态和USPSTF资格标准,比较肺癌死亡风险和获得的寿命.
主要成果:
- 在33.7%的人口中,USPSTF资格被确定,只有17.9%的人报告查.
- 查吸收与肺癌死亡风险和生命增长潜力正相关.
- 与未接受查的人相比,查的个体表现出更高的肺癌死亡风险 (RR=1.35) 和寿命增长 (RR=1.19).
- 目前的查预防了19,306例死亡,增加了237,564个生命年;查所有符合条件的个人可以额外避免56,956例死亡,增加751,850个生命年.
- 只有17.3%的符合条件的妇女参加了肺部查,尽管三分之二的妇女已经接受了乳腺癌查.
结论:
- 参加肺癌查的个体具有明显更高的肺癌风险,并且从查中获得更大的潜在益处.
- 在符合条件的人群中大幅增加肺癌查率,可以显著降低肺癌死亡率.
- 通过改善查吸收来预防肺癌死亡的重大机会被错过了.
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