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一样一样,但不同:探索 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) 在无脊椎动物生理中的神秘作用

Zsolt Pirger¹, Péter Urbán², Bence Gálik²

¹Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology

|June 28, 2024

概括

垂体腺酸环酶激活多 (PACAP) 系统元素在无脊椎动物中不存在,尽管观察到生理效应. 这些影响,包括牛心中的增加的cAMP和离子作用,可能是对脊椎动物PACAP的非特异性反应.

科学领域:

比较的神经生物学的比较.
无脊椎动物生理学无脊椎动物生理学
信号通路的演变信号通路的演变

背景情况:

脊椎动物 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) 系统组件在非带状动物的基因组中似乎缺席.
现有的关于无脊椎动物PACAP的数据呈现出相互矛盾的证据,包括序列,免疫组织化学和生理学的发现.
无脊椎动物中PACAP系统的进化起源和存在仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

为了研究在无脊椎动物Lymnaea stagnalis中的垂体腺酸环酶激活多 (PACAP) 系统的存在和功能.
为了协调有关非鱼物种PACAP的相互矛盾的文献数据.
确定在无脊椎动物中观察到的PACAP类效应是否由保存的信号通路介导.

主要方法:

对神经元转录组和基因组数据进行选,以寻找PACAP系统同类物.
在牛神经系统和心脏上使用抗人类PAC1受体抗体进行免疫组织化学.
西方涂抹,免疫沉和质谱检测PACAP及其碎片.
测量cAMP合成和对孤立的牛心脏的离子变异效应.
对色胺和乙胆调节的影响分析.
鉴定和表达分析的集群B受体.

主要成果:

在牛的基因组或转录组中没有发现脊椎动物PACAP系统的同类物.
免疫组织化学显示了心脏神经元中PAC1受体的阳性信号,但质谱学没有证实PACAP片段.
PACAP-38显著增加了cAMP合成,并对牛心脏产生了积极的离子变作用,还调节了血清素和乙胆.
确定了相关的B受体 (PTHR,GCGR),但在心脏中没有表达.
建议抗体交叉反应性和非特异性效应.

结论:

帕卡普系统很可能是在原始体和后代体分离后出现的,这表明它在原始体无脊椎动物 (如Lymnaea stagnalis) 中不存在.
在原始体中观察到的脊椎动物PACAP的生理效应应应被视为非特异性,不表明内源性PACAP系统.
在无脊椎动物研究中对脊椎动物蛋白质的抗体的使用需要仔细验证,因为它们可能缺乏特异性和价值.

关键词:

林梅 (Lymnaea stagnalis) 是一种常年停滞的植物.进化进化进化进化进化进化进化这就是PacaPap的意义.身体生理学身体生理学它们是原始体 (Protostomes).

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