对多感官决策过程与年龄相关影响的漂移扩散模型分析
Joshua Bolam1,2, Jessica A Diaz3,4, Mark Andrews5
1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK. bolamj@tcd.ie.
Scientific reports
|June 28, 2024
概括
老年人表现出更慢的决策,但获得更大的多感官效益,特别是在速度方面. 这表明大脑如何整合感官信息以更快地做出选择,与年龄相关的改善.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 人类衰老研究研究
- 感官整合 感官整合
背景情况:
- 老年人 (OA) 与年轻人相比,往往表现出较慢和不太准确的感知决策.
- 尽管存在这些缺陷,但OA显示了整合多种感官信息 (多感官整合) 的显著好处.
- 推动这些对比的与年龄有关的影响在感知和多感官处理中的潜在认知机制仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在视觉,听觉和视听条件下调查与年龄相关的感知决策差异.
- 探索多感官集成如何影响老年人的决策速度和准确性.
- 使用计算建模阐明与年龄相关的多感官决策形成相关的潜在认知过程.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项在线对象分类任务,共有212名年龄在18-90岁的参与者.
- 在单模 (视觉,听觉) 和双模 (视听) 感官条件下评估反应时间 (RTs) 和选择准确性.
- 应用层次漂移扩散建模 (HDDM) 来分析与年龄相关的证据积累和响应谨慎性的影响.
主要成果:
- 老年人通常在所有感官条件中表现得更慢,更不准确.
- 老年人在视听与视觉条件下表现出更大的反应时间缩短,这表明对决策速度的增强多感官效益.
- 在老年人中,HDDM发现证据积累速度较慢,在困难的视听试验中,反应谨慎度增加.
- 关键的是,多感官在证据积累中的好处随着年龄的增长而增加,对于更容易的试验,但对于谨慎主导的更难的试验却没有.
结论:
- 与年龄相关的感知速度下降部分被增强的多感官集成效益所抵消,特别是在决策速度方面.
- 多感官集成通过提高证据积累的效率来帮助老年人做出决策,特别是在要求较低的任务中.
- 这些发现使老龄化研究中的明显差异得到协调,突出了多感官决策形成背后的认知机制的与年龄相关的改善.
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