在真核生物中,从D-葡萄糖到D-阿拉比诺酸的路径被提出
Elda Iljazi1, Rupa Nagar1, Sabine Kuettel1
1Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
The Journal of biological chemistry
|June 29, 2024
概括
研究人员发现了一条新的真核细胞途径,用于从D-葡萄糖 (D-Glc) 中生物合成D-阿拉比诺斯 (D-Ara). 这项研究涉及酸路径,并确定谷氨酸果糖-6-酸胺转移酶 (GFAT) 作为D-Ara生产中的关键酶.
科学领域:
- 生物化学和分子生物学
- 代谢途径 代谢途径
- 单核细胞生物学 单核细胞生物学
背景情况:
- D-arabinose (D-Ara) 是真核生物合成中的一个关键中间体,包括D-erythroascorbate和GDP-α-D-arabinopyranose (GDP-D-Arap).
- 在真核生物中,从D-葡萄糖 (D-Glc) 获得D-Ara的生物合成途径在很大程度上仍未表征,与 prokaryotes 不同.
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明未知的真核细胞途径,从D-Glc.中进行D-Ara生物合成.
- 为了确定涉及到这个转化中的特异性酶和中间体,在tripanosomatid *Crithidia fasciculata*.
主要方法:
- 作为前体,使用位置标记为[13C]-D-Glc和[13C]-D-ribose ([13C]-D-Rib).
- 采用了一种新的衍生和气色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS) 程序,对利波阿拉比诺.
- 测试了*C. fasciculata*假定的糖和聚醇酸盐异构酶基因,以补充一个*Escherichia coli* D-Ara-5P异构酶缺乏突变体.
主要成果:
- 数据表明酸途径的参与和D-ribulose-5-phosphate (D-Ru-5P) 到D-Ara-5P的同质化.
- 从*C. fasciculata*中获得的葡萄糖胺-6-酸盐氨基转移酶 (GFAT) 拯救了*大肠杆菌*的突变.
- 来自其他真核生物 (trypanosomatids,酵母,人类) 的GFAT基因也补充了*大肠杆菌*突变,人类的GFAT生物化学异构D-Ru-5P到D-Ara5P.
结论:
- 建议从D-Glc中进行D-Ara生物合成的通用真核细胞途径,涉及GFAT.
- 在 *C. fasciculata* 中的 D-Ara 可能用于 GDP-D-Arap,表面糖联合物和 D-erythroascorbate 合成.
- 已确定的GFAT介导途径为各种真核生物体的糖代谢提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
01:21Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase
13.3K
In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy), glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
13.3K
01:24Oligosaccharide Assembly
2.8K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
2.8K
01:20Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis
163.4K
Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
163.4K
01:19Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism
896
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
896
00:56What is Glycolysis?
164.4K
Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
164.4K
01:23Dietary Connections
50.2K
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
50.2K