压力和炎症目标 背侧前额叶皮质 功能:底层神经机制 削弱认知控制
Mary Kate P Joyce1, Stacy Uchendu1, Amy F T Arnsten1
1Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut.
Biological psychiatry
|June 29, 2024
概括
背侧前额皮层 (dlPFC) 功能障碍是精神障碍的核心. 压力和炎症通过影响神经传递和神经调节来破坏dlPFC电路,导致认知和情绪缺陷.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 精神障碍经常涉及背侧前额皮质 (dlPFC) 的功能障碍,这是一个对工作记忆,抽象和情绪调节至关重要的大脑区域.
- 精神分裂症,抑郁症,长期COVID和阿尔茨海默病等疾病中的神经病理通常局限于dlPFC的III层.
- dlPFC对压力和炎症的脆弱性凸显了它们在心理健康状况的病因和恶化中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 审查通过压力和炎症影响dlPFC功能的细胞机制.
- 阐明这些干扰如何影响dlPFC电路中的神经传递和神经调节.
- 探索针对dlPFC功能障碍的潜在治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 对dlPFC中压力和炎症的细胞机制进行当前研究的综述.
- 分析涉及NMDA和尼古丁α7受体的神经传递通路.
- 检查神经调节机制,包括信号传递和cAMP通路.
- 研究上腺和谷氨酸信号在dlPFC可塑性中的作用.
主要成果:
- 炎症条件阻断了dlPFC第三层电路中的必不可少的NMDA和尼古丁α7受体作用,通过金酸.
- 压力迅速削弱dlPFC的第三层连接性,因为它改变了树突棘中的信号传递.
- 通过压力和炎症对诺亚上腺素α2A上腺素受体和mGluR3信号的调节失调有助于脊柱损失.
- 在dlPFC脊柱中异常的放大机制需要严格调节以防止兴奋毒性.
结论:
- 压力和炎症通过特定的细胞和分子干扰显著损害dlPFC功能.
- 了解这些机制为开发针对精神疾病的向治疗提供了理由.
- 药物药剂 (例如,guanfacine) 和非侵入性脑刺激 (例如,rTMS) 在加强dlPFC电路方面表现有前途.
相关概念视频
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
413
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
413
Stress and Mental Health
96
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
96
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
30
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
30
Psychological Responses to Stress
53
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
53
Physiological Foundation of Stress
56
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
56
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
27
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
27


