牧场通过调节景观规模的高原皮卡活动来影响生态系统特征
Ze Tang1, Yangjian Zhang2, Zhoutao Zheng3
1Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Eco-environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China.
The Science of the total environment
|June 30, 2024
概括
畜牧放牧影响西藏高原的草原,通过改变植被和促进皮卡挖掘. 皮卡活动显著影响草原的营养价值,建议管理策略应考虑放牧和皮卡种群.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 遥感 遥感 遥感 遥感
- 动物学 动物学
背景情况:
- 牧场对草原的放牧效应已得到充分研究,但高原皮卡 (Ochotona curzoniae) 的影响,一个常见的挖掘哺乳动物,在景观尺度上对高山草原生态系统特征的影响仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解牲畜,皮卡和草原健康之间的相互作用对于西藏高原的有效管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究如何畜牧放牧和高原皮卡挖掘共同影响西藏高原景观规模的高山草原生态系统特征.
- 量化畜牧放牧强度,皮卡洞分布和草原生态系统关键特性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用无人机 (UAV) 可见光谱遥感与现场调查相结合.
- 采用面向对象的分类和部分最小平方回归来绘制皮卡洞穴分布图并评估草原特征.
- 应用结构方程建模以阐明畜牧放牧,皮卡活动和生态系统功能之间的因果关系.
主要成果:
- 畜牧放牧减少了社区的高度和物种数量,但增加了植被覆盖面和地面生物质 (AGB).
- 由于畜牧放牧而减少的社区高度和增加的植被覆盖面/AGB促进了皮卡挖掘.
- 皮卡洞穴密度与草原社区结构和营养含量密切相关,解释了40%的营养变化.
结论:
- 畜牧放牧通过调节皮卡挖掘活动来间接影响草原的营养价值.
- 为了有效地管理西藏高原的草原,需要考虑牲畜和皮卡种群的综合影响.
- 控制皮卡种群,可能通过调整牲畜放牧强度,可能是草原管理的可行策略.
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