医学教育中的批判性思维教学实践:系统性审查
Beatriz Araújo1, Sandra F Gomes1, Laura Ribeiro1,2
1Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Medical Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Frontiers in medicine
|July 1, 2024
概括
模拟和案例讨论等有效的教学实践可以提高医学学生的批判性思维 (CT) 和临床推理 (CR) 技能. 需要进一步的研究来优化这些干预措施的医学教育.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 教学教育学 在教学上
背景情况:
- 批判性思维 (CT) 是高等教育的一个关键目标.
- 在医学学生中培养CT,临床推理 (CR) 和临床判断 (CJ) 技能是一个普遍的目标.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查旨在提高医学本科生CT/CR/CJ技能和情绪的教学实践.
- 评估医疗培训当前教育方法的有效性.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统的文献审查.
- 搜索了PubMed,科学网络和Scopus数据库 (2010年1月至2021年4月).
- 包括基于PICOS方法的33篇文章.
主要成果:
- 21篇文章 (64%) 集中在CR教学实践上,12篇 (36%) 集中在CT实践上.
- 确定了包括认知/视觉表现,模拟,文献曝光,团队学习,临床案例讨论,基于错误的学习和基于游戏的学习在内的教学方法.
- 这些方法似乎可以增强CT/CR技能和情绪.
结论:
- 各种教学实践在培养医学学生批判性思维和临床推理方面表现有前途.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定这些干预措施的最佳时间,持续时间和交付方法.
- 提高CT/CR对于有效的医疗实践至关重要.
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