减少酒精消费的社区心血管疾病预防干预措施的类型和有效性:系统性审查和元分析
Neamin M Berhe1,2, Hamid Y Hassen1, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden3
1Department of Primary & Integrated Care, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BEL.
基于社区的干预措施有效地减少酒精消费,以预防心血管疾病 (CVD). 持续12个月或更长时间的多组件计划显示了对公共卫生最有前途的结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是一个主要的全球健康问题.
- 可修改的风险因素,包括酒精消费,显著影响心血管疾病的发病和进展.
- 基于社区的干预措施 (CBIs) 被探索为减轻与酒精有关的心血管疾病风险的战略.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合证据,证实CBIs在减少酒精消费和预防心血管疾病方面的有效性.
- 确定与成功结果相关的具体干预特征.
主要方法:
- 电子数据库的系统文献搜索 (更新至2023年2月).
- 根据"没有元分析的合成" (SWiM) 准则进行叙事综合.
- 随机效应对同质结果措施的元分析.
主要成果:
- 在22项符合条件的研究中,有16项表明,CBIs减少了酒精消费.
- 分析显示,中度以上的酒精摄入量 (OR=0.50) 和每周的饮料 (SMD=-0.08) 显著减少.
- 在干预组中观察到低风险饮酒的几率增加 (OR=1.99). 多组件和更长时间 (≥12个月) 的干预措施是最有效的.
结论:
- 基于社区的干预措施在减少用于预防心血管疾病的酒精消费方面显示出有希望的结果.
- 多组件干预措施,特别是那些整合健康教育和促进的干预措施,是非常有效的.
- 实施有效的CBI可以显著降低心血管疾病的负担.
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