电子烟作为成人戒烟干预措施的有效性:系统审查
Niyati Vyas1, Alexandria Bennett2, Candyce Hamel3
1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
电子烟 (e-cigarettes) 可能有助于成年人戒烟,显示吸烟禁欲和减少频率的小到中等益处. 然而,证据确定性低至中等,长期危害需要进一步调查.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 临床医学 临床医学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 电子烟 (e-cigarettes) 越来越多地被用作戒烟的帮助.
- 成年人戒烟仍然是一个重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 关于电子烟对戒烟的益处和危害的证据需要系统评估.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查电子烟对成年人戒烟的益处和危害.
- 为加拿大预防卫生保健工作组 (CTFPHC) 提供临床实践指南.
主要方法:
- 从2016年1月到2024年1月,在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,PsycINFO,Embase,Cochrane Library) 中进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 两个独立的审稿人对标题,摘要和全文进行了选.
- 数据提取,质量评估和GRADE方法由独立审查员应用.
主要成果:
- 18项研究 (17项RCT) 将电子烟 (含尼古丁或不含尼古丁) 与其他干预措施或安慰剂进行比较.
- 电子烟在戒烟和减少吸烟频率方面显示出小到中等的好处 (证据确定性低到中等).
- 报告的轻度不良事件在两组之间差异很小;对危害的证据确定性低至非常低.
结论:
- 电子烟可能会增加戒烟,但证据的确定性各不相同.
- 报告的危害存在低至非常低的证据确定性.
- 需要进一步的研究来评估电子烟使用的长期益处和潜在不良事件.
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