基因组编辑在植物生殖生物学中的应用:最近的进展和挑战
Nilesh D Gawande1, Hemal Bhalla1, Anshul Watts2
1Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Plant reproduction
|July 2, 2024
概括
基因组编辑 (GE) 通过精确地改变植物基因组来加速作物改进. 本综述探讨了植物繁殖中的转基因应用,增强了诸如平分体诱导和产量潜力等特征.
科学领域:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 基因组编辑 (GE) 技术迅速发展,提供精确的基因修饰能力.
- 集群定期间隔的短平行体重复 (CRISPR) /与CRISPR相关的蛋白质 (CRISPR/Cas) 是一种在包括植物在内的各种生物体中广泛使用的突出GE工具.
- 改善植物生殖特征对于提高作物产量和全球粮食安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为植物生殖生物学中基因组编辑应用提供全面的审查.
- 突出利用转基因作物改进的最新进展和挑战.
- 讨论转基因在修改关键生殖特征方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 审查关于植物基因组编辑技术的现有文献.
- 对将转基因应用于植物生殖特性的研究进行分析.
- 讨论从巨核酶到CRISPR/Cas系统的技术演变.
主要成果:
- 基因组编辑已经成功地应用于改善多种作物的各种植物繁殖特征.
- 通用电气提供精确的工程特征,如 haploid 诱导,apomixis,parthenocarpy,男性不孕不育,和自我不兼容性调节.
- 由于其在植物中的效率和多功能性,CRISPR/Cas系统已成为领先的GE工具.
结论:
- 基因组编辑具有显著的潜力,可以通过精确准生殖生物学来加速作物改进.
- 解决转基因应用当前的挑战是释放其增强植物繁殖和作物产量的全部前景的关键.
- 对转基因的持续研究和应用对于可持续农业和确保未来的粮食供应至关重要.
相关概念视频
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
18.9K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
18.9K
Transgenic Plants
7.2K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.2K
What is Genetic Engineering?
74.0K
Overview
74.0K
CRISPR
50.5K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
50.5K
Transgenic Organisms
31.1K
Overview
31.1K
Plant Tissue Culture
37.7K
Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
37.7K


