经典真理逻辑的实验研究多命题一致和不相容:双过程理论和 modal 推理的推理
Salma Waheed1, Abdul Waheed2, Sana Habib3
1School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
PloS one
|July 2, 2024
概括
这项关于多命题的研究发现,个人更喜欢可能的一致性/不兼容性 (PC/PI) 而不是必要的一致性 (NC). 学生们更赞同PC而不是NC,更赞同PI而不是不可能不兼容 (IPI).
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 逻辑 逻辑 逻辑 逻辑
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 经典的真理逻辑传统上检查命题.
- 双流程理论 (DPT) 和 modal syllogistic 提供了多命题推理的框架.
- 现有的模型缺乏以逻辑一致性和不兼容性为基础的alethic模式的整合.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人如何评估涉及灵性模式,逻辑一致性和不兼容性的多命题.
- 测试关于可能一致性/不兼容性 (PC/PI) 与必要一致性 (NC) 的认可的假设.
- 探索工作记忆和智力对多命题判断的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发一种新的框架,将alethic模式 (必要的一致性,可能的一致性/不兼容性,不可能的不兼容性) 与逻辑的一致性和不兼容性相结合.
- 使用四个量化器 (所有,没有,一些,一些不是) 和三个命题模式来构建多个命题.
- 在单思维和多思维模型实验中使用即时推断,评估和生产任务.
主要成果:
- 个人主要支持可能的一致性/不兼容性 (PC/PI) 推断,而不是必要的一致性 (NC) 推断.
- 当PC/PI被分开时,PC被认可多于NC,PI被认可多于不可能不兼容 (IPI).
- 在必要的一致性地判断多命题时,特定的逻辑谬误始终被抵制或认可.
结论:
- 学生对多个命题的判断与优先考虑可能而不是必要的一致性相一致.
- 工作记忆和智力的个体差异可能会影响多重命题的认可.
- 该研究提供了对人类推理的见解,使用模态逻辑和逻辑谬误.
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