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什么时候寄生虫会变成疾病? 在野生鱼种群中,eDNA揭示了跨环境压力梯度的复杂宿主-病原体动态

Eloïse Duval¹, Simon Blanchet², Erwan Quéméré³

¹Bureau d'études Fish-Pass, 18 rue de la plaine, 35890 Laillé, France.

The Science of the total environment

|July 2, 2024

概括

鱼的传染病风险取决于寄生虫宿主和环境因素. 人类造成的压力因素,而不仅仅是寄生虫的存在,在野生鱼群中显著影响疾病的出现.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
寄生虫学的寄生虫学
环境科学环境科学

背景情况:

传染病是由复杂的宿主-寄生虫-环境相互作用引起的.
无生物和生物因素影响寄生虫的丰富性和宿主免疫力,使自然生态系统的疾病结果预测复杂化.

研究的目的:

研究一种感染性疾病的生物和非生物驱动因素,这种疾病影响了鱼类,由寄生虫Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae引起.
区分影响寄生虫分布的因素与野生种群中疾病出现的因素.

主要方法:

在区域范围内利用环境DNA (eDNA) 分析和利基模型.
评估了寄生虫在水中的存在和丰富性 (propagule压力) 和鱼宿主中的存在.
与宿主丰富度 (Fredericella sultana 虫,鱼 Salmo trutta) 和环境压力因素 (温度,农业,水) 相关联的发现.

主要成果:

寄生虫在水中的发生主要与其宿主 (F. sultana,S. trutta) 相相关,而不是非生物因素.
鱼类中的寄生虫存在 (疾病出现代理) 与水温和人类活动 (农业,水) 等环境压力因素密切相关.
寄生虫传播压力与鱼类中疾病出现的相关性较小.

结论:

仅仅是病原体分布不足以预测野生动物疾病风险.
当地人为压力因素可能会极大地推动野生宿主疾病的出现,可能是通过改变宿主免疫反应.
全球变化对病原体出现的影响,由于复杂的生物-非生物相互作用,令人担忧.

关键词:

环境DNA DNA 环境DNA 环境驱动因素环境驱动因素主体-寄生虫相互作用寄生虫的分布寄生虫的分布野生动物传染病是野生动物的传染病.

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