编码事件角色中的不对称性:来自语言和认知的证据
Ercenur Ünal1, Frances Wilson2, John Trueswell3
1Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Cognition
|July 3, 2024
概括
这项研究表明,语言中事件角色 (如代理人和患者) 的突出地位与它们在认知中的突出地位密切相匹配,这支持了语言结构反映概念事件表示的观点.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 语言事件结构与非语言事件角色之间的假设联系.
- 缺乏对事件参与者突出性语言认知关系的系统实验测试.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地研究事件角色 (代理人,患者,目标,工具) 的语言和认知突出之间的关系.
- 确定事件的语言编码是否反映了潜在的概念表示.
主要方法:
- 进行了四次实验.
- 在语言描述中调查了代理人,患者,目标和工具的突出地位.
- 通过视觉搜索和改变失明任务评估认知突出性.
主要成果:
- 在任务之间,患者始终比目标更突出,目标比工具更突出.
- 动态代理在语言和视觉搜索方面比患者更突出,但没有改变检测.
- 在语言和非语言突出度指标之间发现了相似之处,尽管不完全相同.
结论:
- 揭示了事件参与者的语言和认知突出之间的一致性.
- 支持这样一个理论,即语言事件结构是建立在概念事件表示的基础上.
- 这些发现对语言理论和事件认知研究有影响.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:27Language and Cognition
340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
340
01:28Lateralization
319
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
319
01:19Encoding
156
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
156
01:05Cerebral Hemispheres
319
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
319
01:42Schemas
11.6K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
11.6K
01:16Language
206
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
206