休息时间歇性缺氧暴露和持续的缺氧训练可以在缺氧营后保持高血红蛋白质量
Juha E Peltonen1,2, Antti Leppävuori3, Elias Lehtonen1,2
1Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 4, 2024
概括
间歇性缺氧暴露加上持续的缺氧训练可以帮助运动员在回到海平面后保持血红蛋白质量. 这种方法还改善了耐力运动员的最大氧气吸收和运动表现.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 高空训练 高空训练
背景情况:
- 运动员利用缺氧训练来提高血红蛋白质量 (Hb质量).
- 在返回海平面时,通常会观察到Hb质量的快速下降.
- 保持高Hb质量对于持续的耐力表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查间歇性缺氧暴露 (IHE) 结合持续缺氧训练 (CHT) 在海拔营后缓解Hb质量下降.
- 为了确定维持Hb质量是否转化为改善最大氧气吸收 (V̇o2max) 和运动表现.
- 为了比较IHE+CHT与海平面标准训练在低氧暴露后的影响.
主要方法:
- 58名耐力运动员被分为低氧 (HYP) 和海平面 (SL) 训练组.
- 在HYP组中,运动员进一步分为接受IHE+CHT每三天接受一个月的运动员和对照组 (HYPSL).
- 血红蛋白质量 (Hb质量),V̇o2max,以及耗尽的时间在训练营前,训练营后立即,训练营后30天被测量.
主要成果:
- 两组HYP在营后均显示Hb质量增加,但30天后只有HYPIHE+CHT组保持显著升高的Hb质量 (4.2%高).
- HYPSL组在30天后显示出Hb质量的较小,但显著增加 (1.9%高).
- 视力2max和疲劳的时间从研究前到研究后只在HYPIHE+CHT组中得到改善,这表明运动能力有所提高.
结论:
- 间歇性缺氧暴露 (2小时的休息) 加上每三天一次的持续缺氧训练 (1小时) 可以有效地减轻海拔暴露后血红蛋白质量下降.
- 这种训练策略似乎可以保持和潜在地提高耐力运动员的最大氧气吸收和运动表现.
- IHE+CHT为运动员提供了一种有希望的方法,以维持在低氧训练营期间获得的生理适应.
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