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相关概念视频

Transformers01:26

Transformers

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A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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将自由文本放射学笔记重塑为结构化报告,其中包含生成式问题答案变压器.

Laura Bergomi1, Tommaso M Buonocore1, Paolo Antonazzo2

  • 1Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Artificial intelligence in medicine
|July 4, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了一个使用IT5的AI管道,自动从意大利的自由文本报告中填充结构化放射学报告注册表. 该系统有效地提取各种数据类型,匹配人类专家的性能以获得自由文本信息.

关键词:
生物医学信息提取 提取生物医学信息临床文字 临床文本生成型的人工智能 (GAI) 是一种人工智能.淋巴瘤是一种淋巴瘤.自然语言处理自然语言处理.放射学 放射学是一门学科.

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科学领域:

  • 人工智能的人工智能
  • 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
  • 医疗信息学 医疗信息学

背景情况:

  • 自由文本放射学报告阻碍了临床数据的提取和利用.
  • 建议采用结构化报告 (SR) 来实现标准化,完整性和改进信息检索.
  • 开发SR注册表填写的自动化方法对于高效的临床工作流程至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 提出和评估一个AI管道,从意大利的自由文本放射学报告中提取信息.
  • 为了自动填写一个结构化报告注册表,用于对淋巴瘤患者的CT分期.
  • 为了实现这一任务,利用自然语言处理 (NLP) 和基于变压器的模型.

主要方法:

  • 使用意大利特有的T5模型 (IT5) 进行无规则的生成式问答方法.
  • 处理了174份意大利放射学报告,专注于分类,自由文本和数值数据提取.
  • 实施批量削减和后期组合策略,以处理模型上下文长度限制.
  • 用准确度,F1分数,格式准确度和人类专家反来评估自由文本答案的性能.

主要成果:

  • IT5后期组合模型在信息提取方面取得了显著的结果,其性能与GPT-3.5.5相比.
  • 人类对自由文本答案的评估显示,与AI性能指标 (F1分数) 的相关性很高.
  • GPT-3.5生成了更类似人类的陈述,但有时会提供不适当的答案.

结论:

  • 一个微调的变压器模型 (IT5) 具有适度的参数是有效的临床信息提取在自动化SR注册表填充.
  • 该系统准确地提取和格式化数据,接近人类专家对自由文本项目的性能.
  • 该模型展示了识别信息是否相关的能力,提高了其临床实用性.