ACE1二次代谢物基因集群是小麦爆发真菌的病原性因素
Trinh T P Vy1, Yoshihiro Inoue2, Soichiro Asuke1
1Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
Communications biology
|July 4, 2024
概括
小麦爆炸,对粮食安全的威胁,是由Pyricularia oryzae病态型Triticum引起的. 研究人员确定了ACE1基因集群作为关键的致病性因素,对小麦感染至关重要,并且米耐药基因的目标.
科学领域:
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
- 菌类学 菌类学是指菌类学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 由于Pyricularia oryzae病态型Triticum引起的小麦爆炸,对全球粮食安全构成重大威胁.
- 了解小麦爆发病原性遗传基础对于制定有效的控制策略至关重要.
- 现有的抗米基因可能为对抗小麦爆炸提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定小麦爆发真菌 (Pyricularia oryzae病态型Triticum) 的基本病原性因素.
- 调查已识别的因子在宿主细胞壁透和攻击性中的作用.
- 探索利用现有的大米抗性基因对这一因素进行向的潜力,以获得持久的小麦抗性.
主要方法:
- 基于地图的克隆被用来识别Pwt2基因.
- 进行了ACE1二次代谢物基因集群的功能分析.
- 对各种宿主-病原体组合进行了侵略性测试.
- 用ACE1等位基因的基因改造来评估Pi33的识别和致病性.
主要成果:
- 基于地图的克隆确定了ACE1二次代谢物基因集群作为关键的致病性因素 (Pwt2).
- ACE1对于小麦细胞壁的有效透至关重要,并且在Triticum,Eleusine和Lolium病变型中具有强烈的攻击性.
- 在小麦爆种群中,所有已识别的ACE1等位基因都被大米抗性基因Pi33.3识别出来.
- 在ACE1中突变以逃避Pi33的识别减少小麦爆发对小麦的攻击性,但不减少大米爆发对大米的攻击性.
结论:
- ACE1基因集群是小麦爆发真菌的重要致病因子.
- 米抗性基因Pi33识别了ACE1,这表明了持久耐用的小麦抗性的潜在策略.
- 准ACE1的"阿基里斯脚跟"可以恢复被击败的米抗性基因,用于小麦,提高粮食安全.
相关概念视频
01:28Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
01:28Fungal Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
01:09Microbe-Plant Interactions
Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
01:20Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence
Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
01:28Regulation of Bacterial Virulence
Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
01:25Inhalation Anthrax
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...