医学研究中的忙概括和通用药:系统性审查
Uwe Peters1, Henrik Røed Sherling2, Benjamin Chin-Yee3,4
1Department of Philosophy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
PloS one
|July 5, 2024
概括
医学研究人员经常广泛地概括研究结果,但这些概括往往缺乏从样本大小或多样性的充分证据. 在医学研究中得出过于宽泛的结论需要谨慎.
科学领域:
- 医学研究方法学 医学研究方法学
- 科学出版科学出版
- 临床研究设计
背景情况:
- 将医学研究结果推广到特定样本之外是常见的,但往往缺乏充分的理由.
- 研究人员在多大程度上使用精确量化与非量化泛化 (通用) 的量化是不清楚的.
- 了解已发表的医学研究中外部有效性的基础至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查在顶级医学期刊上发表的前性研究中的概括的程度和理由.
- 评估在报告医学研究结果时使用精确量化与仿制药的使用情况.
- 调查样本特征与报告的概括范围之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 来自"柳叶刀"杂志,NEJM,JAMA和BMJ的533项前性研究的系统综述 (2022年1月至2023年5月).
- 对同期143份NEJM Journal Watch临床研究摘要的综述.
- 分析报告的概括,样本特征和外部有效性因素.
主要成果:
- 52.5%的前性研究包括超越国家人口的概括,具有显著的期刊变化 (兰塞特77%与JAMA12%).
- 在更广泛的概括/仿制药和更大或更多样化的样本之间没有发现相关性.
- 只有10.2%的广泛概括的研究报告了支持这种推断的因素.
- 具有更广泛结论的文章,特别是来自具有影响力的期刊的文章,与更多的引用相关.
结论:
- 许多医学研究概括似乎没有得到样本大小,多样性或报告的外部有效性因素的充分支持.
- 使用仿制药可以掩盖个体变异,可能误导临床实践.
- 在医学研究报告中呼吁谨慎避免过于广泛的概括是有必要的.
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