在突发的人口动态之后,社区变化是否会持续下去? 一个入侵物种繁荣和衰退的案例研究
Peter J Flood1,2, William F Loftus3, Joel C Trexler4,5
1Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. pjflood@umich.edu.
Oecologia
|July 7, 2024
概括
侵袭性非洲宝石鱼的爆发导致本地鱼类的减少,并改变了生态系统的功能多年,即使在侵袭性种群减少之后. 这项研究强调了入侵物种繁荣与衰退动态的长期生态影响.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 侵入性物种 生物学 生物学
- 社区生态学 社区生态学
背景情况:
- 突发的人口动态或"爆发"是生物入侵中已知的现象.
- 这些不稳定的动态在社区层面的后果尚未得到充分理解.
- 非洲珠宝鱼 (Rubricatochromis letourneuxi) 是自20世纪60年代以来在佛罗里达州的入侵性食物,首次在2000年在埃弗格莱德斯国家公园 (ENP) 报告.
研究的目的:
- 在欧洲邻近政策中,量化鱼类和无脊椎动物群体在非洲宝石鱼入侵的不同阶段的变化.
- 评估突发入侵物种动态对生态系统结构和功能的长期影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自ENP的43年鱼类社区数据集 (1978-2021) 和25年鱼类和无脊椎动物数据集 (1996-2021).
- 量化社区结构的变化使用相对化丰富的相似性在宝石鱼人口繁荣和破产期间.
- 分析了入侵物种数量下降后的物种密度变化和恢复时间.
主要成果:
- 在宝石鱼种群繁荣期间,本地形鱼的密度显著下降 (一些>70%).
- 这些下降改变了整个社区结构.
- 随着宝石鱼种群的减少,一些本地物种恢复了,但改变的社区结构至少持续了四年,这表明生态效应滞后.
结论:
- 侵入性物种的破坏性人口动态可以显著改变本地社区结构.
- 这些变化可能会导致生态功能的持久变化,如弹性和生产力,在入侵物种数量下降后多年.
- 长期监测对于了解入侵物种对生态的影响至关重要.
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