在自闭症谱系障碍中执行功能的纵向变化:系统性审查和元分析
Michael K Yeung1,2, Jieru Bai1, Kwai-Lai Mak1
1Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
概括
自闭症儿童和青少年与神经类型的同龄人相比,表现出执行功能 (EF) 的差异. 然而,随着年龄的增长,他们的EF技能与神经典型个体的技能相似.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 与执行功能 (EF) 障碍有关.
- 现有研究提出了关于年龄如何影响ASD个体与典型发育 (TD) 个体之间的EF的混合发现.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析纵向研究,比较ASD和TD组中与年龄相关的EF变化.
- 为了确定EF轨迹是否在自闭症和神经类型儿童和青少年之间有所不同.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,PsycINFO和Web of Science的系统文献搜索.
- 包括14项纵向研究与元分析 (N=518个ASD,N=3558个TD).
- 随机效应和贝叶斯对EF领域的元分析 (工作记忆,抑制,转移,计划).
主要成果:
- 与TD相比,ASD患者在基线和随访时表现出较差的EF.
- 在经过分析的领域中,EF与年龄相关的变化没有发现显著的群体差异.
- 贝叶斯分析支持ASD和TD组之间随着时间的推移类似EF变化的零假设.
结论:
- 自闭症儿童和青少年表现出与他们的神经类型同龄人相似的EF发展轨迹.
- 这些发现支持对自闭症儿童和青少年的早期EF培训和干预.
- 局限性包括纵向数据的稀缺性和对发育阶段和EF结构的狭关注.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
79
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
79
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
54
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
54
01:26Modeling in Therapy
65
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
65
01:30Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
02:20Longitudinal Research
11.9K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
11.9K