非典型和可变的注意力模式显示,自闭症谱系障碍儿童的背景先验减少
Wenwen Hou1,2, Rong Cheng1,2,3, Zhong Zhao3
1CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童努力发展对背景的理解,以预测行为. 它们在观察期间的扫描模式可能会阻碍学习社会线索,影响意图推断.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人通常在推断意图和根据上下文信息预测行为方面表现出困难.
- 患有自闭症的儿童在社会场景观察期间获得和利用上下文先验的确切机制仍未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查ASD儿童在行动观察期间如何获得上下文先验.
- 检查背景先前获取,行动预测和ASD儿童的意图推断之间的关系.
- 在社交场景观看期间,比较ASD儿童和典型发育 (TD) 儿童之间的视觉扫描模式.
主要方法:
- 采用数据驱动的扫描路径分析和感兴趣领域 (AOI) 方法.
- 分析了4至9岁的ASD (N=56) 和TD儿童 (N=50) 观察动态社交场景的自由观看行为.
- 评估了与视觉注意力模式相关的行动预测和意图理解.
主要成果:
- 患有自闭症的儿童在视觉扫描模式中表现出更大的个体内变异性.
- 与TD儿童相比,在ASD儿童中观察到对社会相关领域的注意力减少.
- 更高水平的行动预测和意图理解与更一致的扫描以及对相关社会线索的更多关注相关.
结论:
- 患有自闭症儿童的视觉固定模式变化可能会阻碍背景先验的获得.
- 形成上下文先验的困难可能会对ASD儿童的行动预测和意图理解产生负面影响.
- 定位视觉注意力策略可能为改善自闭症谱系障碍中的社会认知提供了一条途径.
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