在有或没有特定学习障碍的儿童中,热和冷的执行功能和思想理论
Evangelia-Chrysanthi Kouklari1, Stella Tsermentseli2, Aikaterini Pavlidou2
1Department of Child Psychiatry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Applied neuropsychology. Child
|July 8, 2024
概括
患有特定学习障碍的儿童在热和冷执行功能 (EF) 和思维理论 (ToM) 中表现出缺陷. 凉爽的EF,特别是抑制和工作记忆,预测这些孩子的ToM能力.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 特殊教育 特殊教育
背景情况:
- 特定学习障碍 (SLD) 经常与执行功能 (EF) 挑战有关.
- 研究主要集中在"冷"的EF任务上,在SLD中对"热"的EF和思想理论 (ToM) 的理解有限.
- 与ToM一起研究热和冷EF对于全面了解SLD的认知概况至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较患有SLD的学龄儿童和通常发育的同龄人之间的热和冷EF和ToM.
- 确定EF测量是否预测SLD和没有SLD的儿童的ToM能力.
- 确定特定的EF和ToM因素,使SLD儿童与对照儿童有区别.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及135名有SLD和没有SLD的学龄儿童 (8-10岁) 的横截面研究.
- 评估冷 EF (抑制,工作记忆,计划) 和热 EF (延迟满足).
- 使用心理状态/情感识别和错误信念任务对心智理论 (ToM) 的评估.
主要成果:
- 在冷 EF (抑制,工作记忆) 和热 EF (满足延迟) 中发现了显著的群体差异.
- 患有SLD的儿童在ToM中也表现出显著的差异,特别是在心理状态/情绪识别方面.
- 抑制和规划解释了TOM心理状态/情绪识别22%的差异,突出显示了冷静EF的预测作用.
结论:
- 冷静的执行功能,特别是抑制和工作记忆,是SLD和没有SLD的儿童思想理论的重要预测因素.
- 热EF (满足延迟) 和ToM (心理状态/情绪识别) 的具体措施有效地区分了患有SLD的儿童.
- 这些发现强调了在SLD儿童的干预中解决认知和社会认知障碍的重要性.
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