种植Bt玉米和棉花可能有利于花生种植者,因为它降低了亚毒素风险
Jina Yu1, David A Hennessy2, Felicia Wu3,4
1Depatment of Finance and Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Beijing Normal University - Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China.
Plant biotechnology journal
|July 8, 2024
概括
种植耐昆虫Bt作物,如玉米和棉花,可以降低附近非Bt作物的有害 aflatoxin水平,如花生. 这种"光环效应"提高了食品安全,也可能减少邻近田地的干旱压力.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 食品安全 食品安全
- 转基因生物 (GMO) 是一种转基因生物.
背景情况:
- 众所周知,Bt作物 (转基因为产生Bacillus thuringiensis毒素的转基因作物) 可以减少作物本身的昆虫损害和真菌毒素污染.
- 菌毒素,如亚毒素,对食品安全和人类健康构成重大风险.
- 之前的研究重点是Bt作物对自身产品的直接影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查Bt作物的好处是否延伸到附近种植的非Bt作物.
- 评估Bt作物采用对花生中 aflatoxin风险的影响.
- 探索跨作物"光环效应"对食品安全和作物弹性的影响的可能性.
主要方法:
- 利用美国花生种植地区的作物保险数据.
- 分析了Bt玉米和Bt棉花的种植率和花生中与亚法毒素相关的保险索赔之间的相关性.
- 检查了Bt作物采用和花生中干旱相关保险索赔之间的联系.
主要成果:
- 较高的Bt玉米和Bt棉花种植率与花生中较低的黄毒素风险显著相关.
- 与亚黄毒素相关的保险索赔减少表明,在Bt作物附近种植的花生中,真菌毒素污染率下降.
- 与干旱相关的保险索赔在采用Bt作物较高的地区也较低,这表明干旱抵御能力有所改善.
结论:
- 转基因作物的杀虫性能会产生一种保护性的"光环效应",有利于邻近的非转基因作物,如花生.
- 部署Bt作物可以通过减少邻近的食物来源中的真菌毒素污染来提高食品安全.
- 转基因作物的这种间接好处对农业政策和粮食安全具有全球意义,尤其是在Bt食品与非食品作物的法规不同的地方.
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