儿童在表面上不同的事件中识别因果系统类别的识别
Alexandra Rett1, Jamie Amemiya2, Brendan Hwang1
1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego.
Developmental psychology
|July 8, 2024
概括
6-7岁的孩子使用因果结构来判断叙事相似性,与年幼的孩子不同. 这种发育转变凸显了理解因果关系的发展中的抽象推理.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 因果推理是指因果推理.
背景情况:
- 了解现象需要了解因果关系.
- 儿童识别因果结构的能力对于认知发展至关重要.
- 评估相似性是一个基本的认知过程,受到底层结构的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查孩子是否使用因果结构作为类似性判断的基础.
- 检查儿童对因果结构依赖相似性的发展变化.
- 探索儿童因果推理和抽象思想之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 两项实验涉及156名4-7岁儿童.
- 三变量叙述的呈现,具有因果链或共同效果结构.
- 通过使用插图故事 (实验1) 和动画视频 (实验2) 来分离因果因素,引起了相似性判断.
主要成果:
- 五岁的孩子可以代表个人故事的因果结构.
- 只有6岁和7岁的孩子利用跨叙述的共同因果结构进行相似性判断.
- 在使用因果结构作为相似度指标时观察到发育进展.
结论:
- 儿童使用因果结构进行相似性判断,在4至7岁之间逐渐发展.
- 较大的孩子 (6-7岁) 通过关注关系因果模式,表现出更复杂的抽象推理.
- 这些发现为我们对儿童因果和抽象推理发展的理解提供了信息.
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