在乌干达,广泛暴露于ledanteviruses的人类:一个人口研究
James G Shepherd1, Shirin Ashraf1, Jesus F Salazar-Gonzalez2
1Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
|July 8, 2024
概括
自20世纪70年代以来未被发现的Le Dantec病毒 (LDV) 已在乌干达被发现. 高血清发病率表明Ledantevirus感染很常见,但地理位置不同.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 丹特病毒 (LDV) 是Rhabdoviridae家族的成员,与人类疾病有关,但自20世纪70年代以来没有被检测到.
- 了解以前未被检测到的病毒的流行程度和影响对于公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在乌干达的一例人类不分化的发烧病例中检测和描述Le Dantec病毒 (LDV).
- 评估乌干达人口中Ledantevirus感染的血清流行率.
- 为了确定Ledantevirus的潜在动物储库.
主要方法:
- 用于病毒检测的元基因组测序.
- 与酶相关的免疫吸收试验 (ELISA) 检测血清反应.
- 伪型中和试验测试交叉反应性.
- 对997人进行血清流行性查.
- 在动物血液样本中检测病毒.
主要成果:
- 在一个人类未分化的发烧病例中,使用元基因组测序检测出LDV.
- 证明了对LDV的显著血清反应.
- 乌干达西部76%的个体表现出对ledantevirus的血清阳性,其他地区的比例较低.
- 血清交叉活性是特定于ledanteviruses的.
- 在动物Mastomys erythroleucus中发现了一种相关的ledantevirus.
结论:
- 在乌干达,Ledante病毒感染很常见,表现出地理异质性.
- 人口血清阳性可能表明暴露于LDV或相关病毒.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定这些新兴病毒在发烧性疾病中的作用.
相关概念视频
00:57Viral Recombination
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
00:36Viral Mutations
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
01:26Human Virome
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
01:23Bacteriophages of the Human Virome
Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
01:23Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
01:17Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...