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逐步转移学习用于推进基于机器学习的减少顺序建模
Teeratorn Kadeethum1, Daniel O'Malley2, Youngsoo Choi3
1Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
Scientific reports
|July 8, 2024
概括
一个新的减少顺序建模 (p-ROM) 框架的渐进转移学习通过选择性转移知识来增强机器学习 (ML). 这种方法显著提高了模型准确性,减少了用于科学应用的培训数据.
科学领域:
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 科学计算科学计算
- 数据驱动的建模数据驱动的建模
背景情况:
- 数据稀缺是开发准确的数据驱动机器学习 (ML) 模型的一个主要挑战.
- 减少顺序建模 (ROM) 对于科学和工程应用中的高效仿真至关重要.
- 转移学习提供了一种利用现有知识的方法,但需要对新任务进行有效实施.
研究的目的:
- 为了引入一个新的逐步转移学习的减少顺序建模 (p-ROM) 框架.
- 增强知识传输和减少对基于ML的ROM的数据要求.
- 为了证明框架在各种科学和工程问题上的有效性.
主要方法:
- 拟议的p-ROM框架利用优化隐藏层中的信息门来选择性地从预先训练的ML模型转移知识.
- 该框架使用巴洛双胞胎ROM (p-BT-ROM) 进行评估,以展示渐进式学习能力.
- 该方法在各种问题上进行了测试,包括运输,流体动力学和固体力学.
主要成果:
- p-BT-ROM在类似和不同的拓学上显著减少了训练数据,证明了改进的模型准确性.
- 一个带有四个预训练模型的p-BT-ROM在没有预训练的情况下,在九倍多的数据上训练的模型中表现出色.
- 该框架有效地缓解了基于ML的ROM中的数据稀缺问题.
结论:
- 在科学ML中,p-ROM框架为数据有限的场景提供了一个强大的解决方案.
- 逐步的知识转移是提高基于ML的ROM性能和数据效率的关键.
- 这种方法有可能在科学和工程领域显著推进ML应用.
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