在医疗救助死亡能力评估中的法律和道德考虑
1Dr. Appel is a Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Education and Associate Director, Academy for Medicine & the Humanities, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. jacob.appel@mssm.edu.
概括
评估医疗辅助死亡 (MAID) 的决策能力提出了独特的法律和道德挑战. 目前的模型无法解决MAID.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 法律医学是法律医学.
- 医疗保健法律 医疗保健法律
背景情况:
- 评估医疗辅助死亡 (MAID) 的决策能力涉及复杂的法律,后勤和道德考虑.
- 现有的文献受到MAID伦理学和能力评估可行性的历史辩论的影响.
- 当前的评估模型经常从其他医疗决策中调整框架,忽视了MAID的独特性质.
研究的目的:
- 重新审查对MAID的决策能力评估.
- 在MAID评估中突出未解决的法律和道德问题.
- 专注于MAID能力评估的具体后勤和临床方面.
主要方法:
- 对医疗决策能力的法律和道德框架的分析.
- 专注于两个后勤因素:评价员凭证和责任.
- 检查三个临床因素:患者的理解,临床审查/确定性和损伤.
主要成果:
- 现有的能力评估模型不适合MAID.
- 有关评估人员资格和法律保护的重大未解决问题存在.
- 在MAID中对理解,审查和损伤的临床评估需要特别考虑.
结论:
- 目前评估MAID决策能力的方法是不够的.
- 迫切需要解决MAID.独特的特定法律,伦理和临床挑战.
- 随着MAID变得更容易获得,需要进一步开发量身定制的评估标准.
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