评估ChatGPT在医疗保健相关的伦理问题上的道德能力
Ahmed A Rashid1, Ryan A Skelly1, Carlos A Valdes2
1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
JAMIA open
|July 10, 2024
概括
像ChatGPT这样的人工智能 (AI) 工具显示出中等道德能力,有利于道德发展的后期阶段. 建议对人工智能进行进一步培训,以帮助医生做出复杂的伦理医疗决策.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 工具,包括聊天生成预训练变压器 (ChatGPT),越来越多地应用于医疗保健.
- 人工智能评估道德和伦理复杂的医疗决策的能力存在有限的研究.
- 了解AI的道德能力对于其负责任地融入临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估一个著名的大型语言模型ChatGPT的道德能力.
- 评估ChatGPT解释和应对道德上具有挑战性的医疗场景的能力.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究,利用2023年5月至7月期间的道德能力测试 (MCT) 的场景.
- 从ChatGPT 3.5和4.0.0收集了数值响应.
- 分析包括个人和整体阶段分数,C指数和道德阶段偏好,使用描述性分析和学生的t测试.
主要成果:
- 与ChatGPT 3.5 (1.755) 相比,ChatGPT 4.0显示了更高的整体道德阶段偏好 (2.325).
- 聊天GPT 4.0在统计学上取得了较高的C指数得分 (29.03 ± 11.10),而不是聊天GPT 3.5 (19.32 ± 10.95).
- 两种模型都显示出对科尔伯格理论后期阶段的更高道德偏好趋势,C指数表明中等道德能力.
结论:
- 聊天GPT表现出中等的道德能力,能够评估与Kohlberg道德发展理论一致的论点.
- 该研究强调了C指数得分的适度变化,表明了潜在的不一致性和需要进一步的AI培训.
- 未来的人工智能模型可能有助于医生在医疗决策中应对复杂的伦理困境.
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