跨境代孕的法律问题:当前的监管挑战和未来的前景
Susanna Marinelli1, Francesca Negro2, Maria Cristina Varone2
1School of Law, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
概括
跨境代孕带来复杂的法律和道德挑战,导致不一致的标准. 国际立法协调对于保护所有相关方的权利至关重要,特别是通过代孕产生的儿童.
科学领域:
- 法律与道德 法律与道德
- 生殖技术 生殖技术
- 国际家庭法 国际家庭法
背景情况:
- 代孕涉及复杂的法律和伦理问题,即使在发达国家,导致不一致的法规.
- 跨境代孕,即个人从非法国家前往合法国家,面临审查和全球禁止的建议.
- 现有的法律框架往往缺乏明确性,给代孕母亲,预期父母和通过这些安排出生的孩子带来不确定性.
研究的目的:
- 分析代孕的复杂性和法律和道德挑战,特别是跨境安排.
- 评估将代孕归类为"普遍犯罪"的可行性和影响,以制国际做法.
- 审查最近的判例,包括意大利最高法院和欧洲人权法院 (ECtHR) 的裁决,以告知立法发展.
主要方法:
- 对当前关于代孕的立法和法律趋势的分析.
- 从国家和超国家法院的关键司法判决的解释.
- 审查拟议的立法措施,例如"普遍犯罪"概念.
主要成果:
- 由于缺乏跨境代孕的具体法规,法院的裁决经常弥合了法律上的差距.
- 通过代孕在国外出生的儿童的法律地位仍然是一个有争议的问题.
- 拟议的"普遍犯罪"立法目前模糊不清,难以执行.
结论:
- 代孕法律和裁决的不确定性对儿童,代孕母亲和预期父母的权利构成风险.
- 国际立法协调对于解决跨境代孕趋势和确保一致的保护至关重要.
- 在制定新的,专门的立法以维护通过代孕产生的儿童的最佳利益时,必须考虑超国家法院的判决.
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