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高度的上下文干扰改善了运动学习中的保留:系统性审查和元分析
Stanisław H Czyż1,2,3, Aleksandra M Wójcik4, Petra Solarská5
1Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland. stachu.czyz@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|July 10, 2024
概括
高上下文干扰 (CI) 练习计划适度有利于保持运动技能,特别是在老年人中. 然而,这种效应在应用环境和年轻参与者中不那么明显.
科学领域:
- 运动学习是指运动学习.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 自1966年以来,人们一直在研究情境干扰 (CI) 对运动技能的影响.
- 尽管有广泛的倡导,但CI效应对保留的影响仍面临严格审查.
- 现有文献需要进行全面的审查,以澄清CI对运动学习保留的影响.
研究的目的:
- 对上下文干扰效应进行系统的文献审查和元分析.
- 确定不同练习时间表对保持运动技能的具体影响.
- 调查调节因素,如参与者的年龄和环境.
主要方法:
- 在六个主要数据库 (Scopus,EBSCO,Web of Science,PsycINFO,ScienceDirect,Google Scholar) 的系统搜索中,发现了1255篇文章.
- 选了294项研究的完整文本,其中54项被纳入了元分析.
- 两种元分析模型 (三级混合模型,随机效应模型) 用于分析数据.
主要成果:
- 高CI表明,在一般人群中,对保持运动技能具有统计学意义的,中等的有益影响.
- 随机练习计划在实验室环境中显著提高了保留能力,但在应用环境中却显得微不足道.
- 随机实践对保留的积极影响在老年人 (大效果大小) 和成年人 (中等效果大小) 中显著,但在年轻参与者中微不足道.
结论:
- 随机的练习时间表,是一种高度上下文干扰的形式,通常会增强运动技能的保留能力.
- 随机实践的有效性取决于上下文,在受控的实验室环境中,与应用环境相比,显示出更大的好处.
- 年龄是一个重要的调节因素,老年人和成年人比年轻人更受益于随机练习的技能保留.
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