差异模型的噪音编码预测了日本本地人对麦格鲁克效应的感知
John F Magnotti1, Anastasia Lado1, Michael S Beauchamp1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Frontiers in neuroscience
|July 11, 2024
概括
麦格格尔克效应,视觉改变语音感知,显示了跨文化之间显著的个体和刺激变化. 贝叶斯模型准确地预测了日本参与者的感知,揭示了与年龄相关的感官噪音.
科学领域:
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 麦格格尔克效应表明视觉语言影响听觉语言感知.
- 之前对英语母语人士的研究表明,麦格格尔克效应易感性和刺激强度的个体变异性很高.
- 基于贝叶斯因果推理的噪音编码差异 (NED) 模型通过估计个体易感性和感官噪音以及刺激强度来解释这种变化.
研究的目的:
- 调查麦格格尔克效应的感知变化是否在西方和非西方文化中相似.
- 将NED模型应用于日语母语使用者的数据.
- 评估NED模型在预测非西方人口的感知反应方面的准确性.
主要方法:
- 将NED模型应用于来自80名日语母语参与者的数据.
- 呈现了15个不同音节内容的麦格鲁克刺激 (例如,听觉"pa" + 视觉"ka").
- 交错的麦格鲁克刺激与一致的视听刺激.
主要成果:
- 麦格格尔克效应的感知在刺激 (3-78%融合) 和参与者 (0-91%融合) 之间表现出很高的变化.
- 该NED模型准确地预测了感知,对于刺激 (2.1%) 和参与者 (2.4%) 的错误率都很低.
- 不发声的刺激 (pa/ka) 比发声的刺激 (ba/ga) 引起了更多的融合;年长的参与者与年龄相关的感官噪声增加.
结论:
- NED模型有效地解释了麦格鲁克跨文化认知中的个人和刺激差异.
- 麦格格尔克效应的变化是一种跨文化现象.
- 感觉噪声是NED模型的一个组成部分,受参与者的年龄的影响.
相关概念视频
Auditory Perception
331
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
331
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location
205
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
205
Perception of Sound Waves
4.4K
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
4.4K
Factors Affecting Perception
1.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.6K
Confirmation Biases
5.5K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.5K
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
138
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
138


