土地利用和河湖连接:湖泊生态系统的生物多样性决定因素
Huiyu Xie1,2,3, Yu Ma2,3, Xiaowei Jin3
1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environmental science and ecotechnology
|July 11, 2024
概括
湖泊宏观无脊椎动物的多样性正在下降,原因是土地利用的变化,而不仅仅是水质. 建立缓冲区对于保护水生生物多样性和生态系统弹性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 湖泊生态系统面临着对稳定性和生物多样性的威胁日益增加,而对宏观无脊椎动物的数据往往有限.
- 了解多重压力对湖泊生物多样性的影响对于有效的保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查2011-2019年东廷湖和太湖宏观无脊椎动物群落的时空变化.
- 评估水质,水文,气候变化和土地利用对宏观无脊椎动物生物多样性的影响.
- 确定生物多样性下降的主要驱动因素,并为保护战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用了一个独特的,连续的,现场生物监测数据集 (2011-2019).
- 分析了四个环境参数的宏观无脊椎动物群落:水质,水文,气候和土地利用.
- 相关的生物多样性变化与湖泊周围的特定空间尺度上的土地使用模式.
主要成果:
- 尽管水质有所改善,但在宏无脊椎动物群体中观察到分类学和功能多样性的下降.
- 确定了土地利用变化 (营养负载,息地异质性) 作为生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素.
- 发现河湖连接显著影响对多种压力因素的反应.
- 突出了生物多样性下降和2-5公里 (东廷) 和0.05-2.5公里 (太湖) 海岸线内的土地利用之间的强烈相关性.
结论:
- 土地使用,特别是在定义的缓冲区内,是影响湖泊宏观无脊椎动物生物多样性的关键因素.
- 有效的保护需要管理土地使用和建立空间显式的缓冲区,以增强生物多样性和生态系统服务.
- 保护湖泊生态系统需要采用整体方法,解决不仅仅是水质之外的多种压力因素.
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