曼德维尔人的恶习
Mandi Astola1, Steven Bland2, Mark Alfano3
1Section Ethics & Philosophy of Technology, Department of Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Building 31, Jaffalaan 5, 2628BX Delft, The Netherlands.
Synthese
|July 11, 2024
概括
一些恶习,如贪,可以使社会受益,这个概念被称为曼德维尔的美德. 然而,这篇论文引入了"曼德维尔式恶习",这些恶习对个人来说是好的,但对群体来说是有害的.
科学领域:
- 伦理哲学 道德哲学
- 社会认识论社会认识论
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 伯纳德·曼德维尔 (Bernard Mandeville) 提出,社会利益可以来自传统上负面的特质,如贪和虚荣心.
- 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯和当代哲学家在经济学,认识论和道德方面探索了曼德维尔的思想.
- 之前的研究表明,某些恶习可以增强群体合作和认知分工.
研究的目的:
- 引入和定义"曼德维尔恶习"的概念.
- 解释曼德维尔特征 (美德和恶习) 背后的机制.
- 将曼德维尔的特质与传统的美德伦理和认识论进行对比.
主要方法:
- 曼德维尔的美德和恶习的概念分析.
- 关于群体动态和个人利益的哲学论证.
- 探索在群体环境中推动有益或有害特征的机制.
主要成果:
- 曼德维尔的美德描述了对社会有益的特质,尽管它们是个人的恶习.
- 曼德维尔的恶习是对个人有益的,但对他们的团体有害的特质.
- 群体动态可以使人性特征的普遍处方变得复杂.
结论:
- 曼德维尔的特质挑战了传统的美德道德,强调了取决于背景的好处.
- 了解曼德维尔的恶习对于分析群体行为和合作至关重要.
- 这部作品为统一研究曼德维尔特征提供了一个框架.
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