乌干达国家免费面罩分发计划的评估:来自Mbale地区的证据
Aleksandra Jakubowski1, Dennis Egger2, Ronald Mulebeke3
1Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Economics, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America.
PloS one
|July 11, 2024
概括
尽管乌干达开展了免费口罩分发活动,但观察到的口罩使用率仍然很低. 卫生志愿者对公众的教育并没有显著影响口罩佩戴行为或知识. 需要更密集的干预措施来促进健康行为.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 虽然COVID-19构成了全球威胁,但撒哈拉以南非洲国家较少发生大规模疫情.
- 乌干达实施了严格的封锁,后来转向了口罩和社交距离等公共卫生措施.
- 乌干达政府发起了一场大规模的免费口罩分发活动,旨在为大约3000万公民提供口罩.
研究的目的:
- 评估全国免费面罩分发活动对乌干达口罩佩戴行为的影响.
- 评估社区卫生志愿者领导的关于COVID-19和口罩使用的社区健康教育的有效性.
- 确定这些干预措施是否影响了面具行为,态度和知识.
主要方法:
- 在乌干达的姆巴莱地区进行了对公共场所戴口罩的直接观察和电话调查.
- 在免费口罩分发之前和之后评估了口罩行为.
- 这项研究比较了有社区卫生志愿者干预和没有社区卫生志愿者干预的村庄的结果.
主要成果:
- 观察到的口罩使用在基线时很低 (0.9%的口罩,0.5%正确),并且在分发后仍然很低 (1.8%的口罩,1.1%的正确).
- 自我报告的口罩使用率很高,超过63%的人报告在村庄使用口罩,超过94%的人在公共场所使用口罩,无论是在分发之前还是之后.
- 在志愿者健康教育和没有志愿者健康教育的村庄里,面具接收者之间在知识,行为或态度方面没有发现显著差异.
结论:
- 乌干达姆巴莱地区的口罩使用率仍然很低,尽管有免费口罩分发倡议.
- 社区卫生志愿者干预措施没有明显改善口罩佩戴知识或行为.
- 为了公共健康,持续的行为改变可能需要更密集的策略,包括提醒和解决社会规范.
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